Incidence of Interval Colorectal Cancer After Negative Results From First-Round Fecal Immunochemical Screening Tests, by Cutoff Value and Participant Sex and Age

Background & Aims: We evaluated the incidence of interval cancers between the first and second rounds of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with the FOB-Gold fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and the effects of different cutoff values and patient sex and age. Methods: We collected data from participants in a population-based

Skin Autofluorescence and Complications of Diabetes:Does Ethnic Background or Skin Color Matter?

Aims: Skin autofluorescence (AF) has been associated with complications of diabetes. We evaluated the influence of skin color and ethnicity on the association between skin AF and the presence of diabetes-related complications. Materials and Methods: In a multiethnic type 2 diabetes cohort we investigated all patients with available skin AF measurements. The associations between skin AF and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and the presence of complications of diabetes were estimated, stratified for ethnicity and quartiles of ultraviolet reflectance percentage (R%). Results: In total, 810 patients (438 native Dutch, 372 non-Dutch) were included. Because of too low an R%, 32% of black Africans and 19% of Hindustanis were excluded. Non-Dutch patients had lower AF values compared with Dutch patients (median AF=2.69 [interquartile range (IQR), 2.26-3.09] vs. 3.06 [IQR, 2.65-3.50] arbitrary units; P Conclusions: Skin AF measurement is a valuable tool for the assessment of micro- and macrovascular complication risk in patients with light skin color types. Even after exclusion of patients with too low a reflectance, the current performance of the AGE Reader (TM) (DiagnOptics Technologies BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) was insufficient in darker-skinned patients

Selection of polymers for application in scaffolds applicable for human pancreatic islet transplantation

The liver is currently the site for transplantation of islets in humans. This is not optimal for islets, but alternative sites in humans are not available. Polymeric scaffolds in surgically accessible areas are a solution. As human donors are rare, the polymers should not interfere with functional survival of human-islets. We applied a novel platform to test the adequacy of polymers for application in scaffolds for human-islet transplantation. Viability, functionality, and immune parameters were included to test poly(D,L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PDLLCL), poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/polybutylene terephthalate (PEOT/PBT) block copolymer, and polysulfone. The type of polymer influenced the functional survival of human islets. In islets cultured on PDLLCL the glucagon-producing α-cells and insulin-producing β-cells contained more hormone granules than in islets in contact with PEOT/PBT or polysulfone. This was studied with ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy (nanotomy) during 7 d of culture. PDLLCL was also associated with statistically significant lower release of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA, a so called danger-associate molecular pattern (DAMP)) from islets on PDLLCL when compared to the other polymers. DAMPs support undesired immune responses. Hydrophilicity of the polymers did not influence dsDNA release. Islets on PDLLCL also showed less cellular outgrowth. These outgrowing cells were mainly fibroblast and some β-cells undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition. None of the polymers influenced the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. As PDLLCL was associated with less release of DAMPs, it is a promising candidate for creating a scaffold for human islets. Our study demonstrates that for sensitive, rare cadaveric donor tissue such as pancreatic islets it might be necessary to first select materials that do not influence functionality before proposing the biomaterial for in vivo application. Our presented platform may facilitate this selection of biomaterials